高一必修一英语笔记

高一必修一英语笔记

高一必修一英语笔记主要涵盖词汇、短语、句型和语法等方面。以下是一个整理好的笔记框架,供参考:

一、词汇

  1. Unit 1 - 探索新世界

    • exchange students:交换生
    • exchange sth. with sb.:与某人交换某物
    • impressed:印象深刻的
  2. Unit 2 - 高中生活

    • lecture:讲座
    • guy:家伙
    • equipment:设备
    • register:登记
  3. Unit 3 - 自然与科技

    • sexual:性的
    • female:女性的
    • junior:青少年
    • male:男性的
  4. Unit 4 - 健康与安全

    • curious:好奇的
    • company:陪伴
    • personality:个性
    • style:风格
  5. Unit 5 - 文学与艺术

    • revision:修订
    • review:复习
    • book review:书评

二、短语

  1. 常见前缀和后缀

    • ed:表示情感(如impressed)
    • ex-:表示前任或前面(如ex-wife)
    • ing:表示事物属性(如interesting)
  2. 固定短语

    • concentrate on:集中注意力
    • lecture to:给……作演讲
    • be curious about:对……好奇
    • out of style:过时的
    • stylish:时髦的

三、句型

  1. 强调句

    • It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
    • I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
  2. 定语从句

    • Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam. 你的一个朋友叫你在期末考试中帮他作弊,这个朋友平常不认真学习。
    • World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language. 世界英语来自那些以英语为第一或第二语言的国家,英语在这些国家起重要作用,或是因为外国的统治,或是因为其作为国际语言的特殊地位。
  3. 其他经典句型

    • I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上,我熬到11点半故意不睡觉,为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。
    • If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题,你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。
    • Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来,看看得了多少。
    • What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。
    • His income adds up to $1000 a month. 他每月的收入共计1000美元。
    • It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 观看这些已不再是乐趣,因为大自然是你必须体验的。
    • Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法?
    • The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。
    • As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正当我打算出去找他时,他恰巧进来。
    • Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生活,常常感到孤独。
    • We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我们试图让他平静下来,但他仍不停地哭着。
    • Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在这样一个暴风雨夜外出吗?
    • He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。
    • That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood. 那个国家在水灾中遭受严重的损失。
    • All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. 当不同的语言互相沟通时,所有的语言都会发生变化。
    • Actually, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more on German than present day English. 实际上,从公元450年到1150年,人们所说的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。
    • Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 请到我的公寓里来坐坐,好吗?
    • Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams. 信不信由你,他在考试中作弊。
    • Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以互相交流。
    • Today the number of people learning English in China is larger than even before. 目前在中国学习英语的人数比以往任何时候都多。
    • It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country. 政府的责任是为其国家的小孩提供教育。
    • Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage. 阅读是帮助你改善词汇及其用法的最好方法之一。
    • Giving commands is less polite than making a request. 发号命令比发出请求粗鲁。
    • We asked her for directions and she told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. 我们向她问路,她告诉我们往左边拐弯后直走两个街区。

四、语法

  1. 定语从句的关系代词

    • 先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,关系代词只用that不用which。
    • 先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时,关系代词只用that不用which。
    • 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词只用that不用which。
    • 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,关系代词只用that不用which。
    • 当先行词既指人又指物时,关系代词只用that不用which。
    • 如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用that。
    • 主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。
    • 被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
    • 先行词为what,关系代词用that。
    • 有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。
  2. who,whom,that和whose的用法

    • who,whom,that:这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。
      • Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
      • He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
    • Whose:用来指人或物(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
      • They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
      • Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
  3. which和that的用法

    • 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
      • A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语)
      • The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)
  4. 时态

    • 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。例句:By the end of last term,we had learned 1,000 English words.
    • 有些动词(如:hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。例句:I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
    • 瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句:The film begins in a minute./My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
    • 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句:Every time I listen to that song,I’ll think of my old friend./If you do that,I shall be very pleased./They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
    • 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、结果等,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不强调和现在的关系。

例如:

  • I have just eaten breakfast.(强调对现在的影响:我不饿了)
  • I ate breakfast at seven o'clock.(只表示过去的事实:我在七点吃了早餐)
  1. 被动语态

    • 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,其中be为助动词,时态变化通过be来体现。
    • 被动语态常用于描述不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的情况。
    • 被动语态的基本句型为:主语+be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)。

例如:

  • The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的)
  • The room is cleaned every day.(这个房间每天都被打扫)

五、重点短语和句型总结

  1. 表示建议的句型

    • Why don't you do sth.?
    • How about doing sth.?
    • What about doing sth.?
    • You should do sth.
    • You'd better do sth.
  2. 表示原因的句型

    • That's why...
    • This is because...
    • ...because of...
    • Due to...
    • Owing to...
  3. 表示转折的句型

    • However...
    • But...
    • Nevertheless...
    • In spite of...
    • Despite...
  4. 表示条件的句型

    • If...
    • Provided that...
    • On condition that...
    • As long as...
  5. 表示结果的句型

    • So...that...
    • Such...that...
    • As a result...
    • Consequently...
  6. 表示比较和对比的句型

    • The same as...
    • Similar to...
    • Different from...
    • While...
    • Whereas...
  7. 表示列举的句型

    • Such as...
    • For example...
    • Including...
    • Among other things...
  8. 表示强调的句型

    • It is...that...
    • Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形...
    • Not until...did...
    • What...is that...

以上仅为高一必修一英语笔记的一部分,具体的学习内容可能会因教材版本和教师授课方式的不同而有所差异。建议在学习过程中,结合教材和课堂讲解,不断积累和总结,形成自己的知识体系。