
Q: 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别?
在没有说明时间的情况下如何分辨该用哪一种时态。如:There is someone knocking at the door。 It must be the repairman,I_____him to come to my house。这里该用现在完成时还是过去时呢?
AA:
其实英语时态不是那么复杂的,你知道几个基本原则就可以搞掂的。
A. 正确来说所有时态都有 Time Expression (时间表达), 不过
a. Present Tense (现在时态)由于关及现在一刻,所有不用写出来。
b. 有时时态表达可以从上下文知道,不用明言;例如文章内容是说及你在美国度假,用的是 Simple Past Tense, 你不用每一句都要提及时态是在美国旅游那时。
B. 偶然不写出时态不是语法大罪,冥冥间语法大神不会施展雷电来 “打瓜” 你。
C. 一般来说除了 Perfect Progressive Tense (完成进行时态), 即 Present Perfect Progressive Tense, Past Perfect Progressive Tense 和 Future Perfect Progressive Tense 是涉及一段时间,其他的时态都是某一刻的动作或状况。
D. 更多的时态资料,看我的笔记:
例子: Mom: Son, have you finished your homework yet?Son:
1. (Present Perfect Tense): Yes Mom, I have finished it already (Note 1)
2. (Simple Past Tense): Yes Mom, I finished it an hour ago. (Note 2)
两个时态的分别:所以你可以看得出这例子Simple Past Tense的Time Expression “an hour ago” 是明显写出来,而Present Perfect Tense 的时态 “at this particular moment in time is done and not carried to future” 是没有写出来不言而喻的。
Note 1: Present Perfect Tense此句子全文是:“Yes Mom, (at this particular moment in time,) I have finished it already.”三点要留意:
a. 由于是 Present Tense, 所以 “at this particular moment in time” 写出来很累赘,所以省略没有写出来。
b. 其他 time expressions 不用加上去,但加进也不会不合语法,例如: “Yes Mom, I have finished it already an hour ago.”
Note 2: Simple Past Tense“an hour ago”的Time Expression 是正当语法是必需的。回答你的问题:
Q1: 在没有说明时间的情况下如何分辨该用哪一种时态?AA: Present Perfect Tense 和 Simple Past Tense 都可以叙述过去发生的事项。有些人说 Present Perfect Tense 是刚刚发生的事项。但这是不准确的,例如我说 : “I have been to China three times already”是合语法虽然这三次是两年或更久以前发生的。所以用那个时态是要看内容,没有 “hard and fast rule 固定捷径规则”的。
Q2:
如: There is someone knocking at the door。 It must be the repairman,I_____him to come to my house。这里该用现在完成时还是过去时呢?
AA: 这情况没有 Time Expression, 用 Present Perfect Tense 是正确。
“There is someone knocking at the door. It must be the repairman. I have asked him to come to my house.”
但如果加上 Time Expression, Simple Past Tense 也适合:
“There is someone knocking at the door. It must be the repairman. I asked him 3 hours ago to come to my house.
英语语法总汇:
句子语法分析:
语法问题解答:
